霸刀分享-分中棒的设计原理
分中棒，又叫寻边器，是在CNC数控加工中，用于确定被加工工件的中心位置的一种检测工具。其设计原理根据不同的类型有所区别，以下是几种常见分中棒的设计原理：
光电分中棒的基本原理是光电效应。光电效应是指当光子能量大于物质表面一些阈值时，光子被物质吸收并采取光电子形式从物质表面逸出。光电分中棒利用光电效应中的逸出电子来产生电流。一般而言，光电分中棒由光阴极、电子倍增部分和阳极三部分构成。光阴极是光电分中棒的入射面，它通常采用碱金属化合物涂层材料（例如Sb-Cs或Sb-K）制成。当光子从入射面照射到光阴极上时，光子会使光阴极释放电子。这些电子会经过一系列的倍增过程，这是光电分中棒的核心部分。电子倍增部分是由一系列的金属材料电极和玻璃隔离层构成。光电子首先通过一个聚焦电极聚焦，并进入第一个倍增级。倍增级通常由一系列的细微的金属管或环形电极组成，这些电极之间存在高电压差。在经过第一个倍增级后，电子被加速并撞击到另一个金属材料上，从而产生二次电子。二次电子再次被加速，撞击到另一个金属材料上，产生更多的电子。光电分中棒的阳极是接受从倍增部分产生的电子的部分。当电子进入阳极后，它们会引起极小的电流输出。阳极通常由金属材料制成，并连接到外部电路以测量和记录光电流。光电分中棒的输出电流与入射光子的数量成正比。
声光分中棒是一种新型的分中对刀工具，其设计原理结合了声学和光学技术。在数控铣床的实际加工过程中，声光分中棒通过特定的结构电路设计，实现对刀操作的自动化和精确化。声光分中棒的结构电路部分设计和分析，对在设计过程中遇到的难点问题进行了重点的说明，最后对声光分中棒的实物进行了实验并得出相关结论。声光分中棒通过声学信号和光学信号的结合，提高了分中对刀的效率和准确性。
偏置式分中棒是较为常用的类型之一，其规格型号多样，设计原理是通过偏心结构来实现对工件中心位置的确定。在使用分中棒时，需要注意滑动端面不应粘附异物或微尘，以及在测量过程中，转速不能超过600RPM，以保证测量的准确性。
综上所述，分中棒的设计原理根据其类型和应用场景的不同而有所差异，但其核心目标都是为了在CNC数控加工中精确确定被加工工件的中心位置，提高加工的效率和准确性。
The design principle of the split rod
The centering bar, also known as the edge finder, is a detection tool used in CNC numerical control machining to determine the center position of the workpiece being processed. The design principles vary according to different types. The following are the design principles of several common split rods:
The basic principle of the photoelectric separation rod is the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where, when the energy of a photon exceeds certain thresholds on the surface of a substance, the photon is absorbed by the substance and escapes from the surface in the form of photoelectrons. The photoelectric separator rod generates current by utilizing the electrons escaped from the photoelectric effect. Generally speaking, a photodiode is composed of three parts: the photocathode, the electron multiplier section and the anode. The photocathode is the incident surface of the photocathode rod and is usually made of alkali metal compound coated materials (such as Sb-Cs or Sb-K). When photons strike the photocathode from the incident plane, they cause the photocathode to release electrons. These electrons will undergo a series of multiplication processes, which is the core part of the photoelectric separator rod. The electron doubling part is composed of a series of metal material electrodes and a glass isolation layer. The photoelectrons are first focused through a focusing electrode and enter the first doubling level. The multiplier level is usually composed of a series of tiny metal tubes or ring-shaped electrodes, with high voltage differences between them. After the first doubling, the electrons are accelerated and strike another metal material, thereby generating secondary electrons. The secondary electrons are accelerated again and collide with another metal material, generating more electrons. The anode of the photoelectric separator rod is the part that accepts electrons generated from the doubling section. When electrons enter the anode, they cause a very small current output. The anode is usually made of metal materials and connected to an external circuit to measure and record the photocurrent. The output current of the photoelectric separator is directly proportional to the number of incident photons.
The acoustic and optical centering rod is a new type of centering tool, and its design principle combines acoustic and optical technologies. In the actual processing of CNC milling machines, the acousto-optic centering bar achieves the automation and precision of tool setting operations through specific structural circuit design. The design and analysis of the structural circuit part of the acousto-optic separation medium rod were carried out. The difficult problems encountered in the design process were emphasized and explained. Finally, experiments were conducted on the physical acousto-optic separation medium rod and relevant conclusions were drawn. The acousto-optic centering bar, through the combination of acoustic and optical signals, enhances the efficiency and accuracy of centering and tool setting.
The offset centering bar is one of the more commonly used types, with a variety of specifications and models. Its design principle is to determine the center position of the workpiece through an eccentric structure. When using a divider rod, it is necessary to ensure that no foreign objects or dust adhere to the sliding end face, and during the measurement process, the rotational speed should not exceed 600RPM to guarantee the accuracy of the measurement.
In conclusion, the design principle of the split bar varies depending on its type and application scenario, but its core objective is to precisely determine the center position of the workpiece to be processed in CNC numerical control machining, thereby enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the processing.