霸刀分享-中国机械工业：以“半年稳”支撑“全年好”
“上半年主要经济指标较快增长，为实现全年目标打下了良好基础。”8月4日，中国机械工业联合会副会长罗俊杰在机械工业经济运行形势信息发布会上表示。
当日发布的数据显示，上半年，机械工业规模以上企业实现营业收入15.3万亿元，同比增长7.8%，增速比全国工业高5.3个百分点；实现利润总额7912.1亿元，同比增长9.4%；完成进出口总额5976.0亿美元，同比增长7.1%。
出口保持较快增长
“上半年，面对更加严峻复杂的国际环境与外贸形势，机械工业顶住压力、有效应对，对外贸易稳定增长、展现韧性。”罗俊杰表示。
据海关数据汇总，上半年，机械工业完成进出口总额5976.0亿美元，同比增长7.1%。其中，进口额1316.6亿美元，同比下降8.2%；出口额4659.4亿美元，同比增长12.4%；贸易顺差3342.8亿美元，同比增长23.3%，占全国货物贸易顺差的57.1%。
从贸易伙伴看，机械工业对主要经济体出口额保持两位数增长：对“一带一路”共建国家出口同比增长23.9%，对RCEP国家出口同比增长16.7%，对欧盟国家出口同比增长12.3%，对东盟国家出口同比增长24.2%。
在重点贸易国别方面，对美国出口470.5亿美元，同比下降3.3%；对俄罗斯出口202.9亿美元，同比下降18.2%；对德国（11.6%）、日本（2.0%）、韩国（5.3%）保持稳定增长；对越南、泰国、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家出口增速在20%之上。
在固定资产投资方面，机械工业实现低速增长。据国家统计局数据测算，上半年机械工业固定资产投资同比增长3.8%，虽高于全国投资增速（2.8%），但低于同期工业（10.3%）和制造业（7.5%）平均水平。在机械工业主要涉及的五个国民经济行业大类中，通用设备和汽车行业投资分别增长16.6%和22.2%，是拉动机械工业投资增长的“双引擎”。
产业支柱地位稳固提升
全球首台700兆瓦超超临界循环流化床燃煤发电机组投运，标志着我国在清洁煤电装备领域取得重大突破；国内首个高国产化率F5燃机项目投产发电，标志着我国自主研制的F5重型燃气轮机首次成功应用；全球单机容量最大冲击式水轮机转轮和国内首台300兆瓦级变速抽蓄机组取得突破，形成“水力发电+抽水蓄能”的协同创新范式……上半年，一批重大技术装备实现新突破。
一系列成就的背后是机械工业坚持科技创新和绿色发展，加速推进新型工业化和产业转型升级，创新高质量发展路径。
上半年，战略性新兴产业对机械工业发展的带动作用继续增强。其中，新能源装备、节能环保装备、高端装备制造等相关产业营业收入和利润总额增速均明显高于机械工业总体水平。
行业绿色转型步伐持续加快。上半年，新能源汽车产销分别完成696.8万辆和693.7万辆，同比分别增长41.4%和40.3%，市场渗透率达44.3%，创同期历史新高。清洁能源装备高速发展，助力新型能源体系建设。传统产业绿色转型成效显著。上半年电动叉车产量占全部叉车的比重达77.1%，6月份电动装载机销量占全部装载机销量的比重升至25.4%。
截至6月末，机械工业规模以上企业数量达13.6万家，较上年同期增加0.6万家，占全国工业的26.2%，占比较上年同期提高0.4个百分点；资产总计达40.4万亿元，同比增长6.6%，占全国工业的22.0%，占比较上年同期提高0.3个百分点，为稳定经济大盘、提振工业经济发挥了积极作用。
“预计下半年机械工业经济运行将延续稳中向好的总体态势，全年主要经济指标增速在5.5%左右，对外贸易保持基本稳定。”罗俊杰表示，机械工业虽然仍面临内需不足、外需不稳等不少风险挑战，但也要看到，宏观政策和产业政策持续加码加力。保障机械工业长期向好的支撑条件和平稳增长的基本趋势没有改变，机械工业基础稳、韧性强、潜能大的优势没有改变，行业发展的内生动力依然强劲，机械工业实现高质量发展的确定性不断增强。
China's machinery Industry: Supporting a Good Year with "Stability in the First Half"
Major economic indicators grew rapidly in the first half of the year, laying a solid foundation for achieving the annual goals. " On August 4th, Luo Junjie, vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, said at the information release conference on the economic operation situation of the machinery industry.
Data released on the same day showed that in the first half of the year, large-scale enterprises in the machinery industry achieved operating income of 15.3 trillion yuan, up 7.8% year-on-year, with the growth rate 5.3 percentage points higher than that of the national industrial sector. The total profit reached 791.21 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 9.4%. The total volume of imports and exports reached 597.6 billion US dollars, increasing by 7.1% year-on-year.
Exports maintained a relatively fast growth rate
In the first half of the year, in the face of a more severe and complex international environment and foreign trade situation, the machinery industry withstood the pressure and responded effectively. Foreign trade grew steadily and demonstrated resilience. Luo Junjie said.
According to the summary of customs data, in the first half of the year, the machinery industry completed a total import and export volume of 597.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 7.1% year-on-year. Among them, the import value was 131.66 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.2%. The export volume was 465.94 billion US dollars, increasing by 12.4% year-on-year. The trade surplus was 334.28 billion US dollars, increasing by 23.3% year-on-year, accounting for 57.1% of the national trade surplus in goods.
From the perspective of trading partners, the export volume of the machinery industry to major economies maintained double-digit growth: exports to the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative increased by 23.9% year-on-year, exports to RCEP countries rose by 16.7%, exports to EU countries grew by 12.3%, and exports to ASEAN countries increased by 24.2%.
In terms of key trading countries, exports to the United States reached 47.05 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 3.3%. Exports to Russia reached 20.29 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 18.2%. It maintained stable growth in Germany (11.6%), Japan (2.0%), and South Korea (5.3%). The growth rate of exports to Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia is above 20%.
In terms of fixed asset investment, the machinery industry achieved a low growth rate. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, fixed asset investment in the machinery industry increased by 3.8% year-on-year in the first half of the year. Although this was higher than the national investment growth rate (2.8%), it was lower than the average levels of industry (10.3%) and manufacturing (7.5%) during the same period. Among the five major national economic sectors mainly involved in the machinery industry, investment in general equipment and the automotive industry increased by 16.6% and 22.2% respectively, serving as the "dual engines" driving the growth of investment in the machinery industry.
The pillar status of the industry has been steadily enhanced
The commissioning of the world's first 700-megawatt ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed coal-fired power generation unit marks a major breakthrough for China in the field of clean coal power equipment. The commissioning and power generation of the first F5 gas turbine project with a high domestic production rate in China marks the first successful application of the F5 heavy-duty gas turbine independently developed by our country. The world's largest single-unit capacity impulse turbine runner and China's first 300-megawatt-class variable-speed pumped storage unit have achieved breakthroughs, forming a collaborative innovation model of "hydropower generation + pumped storage"... In the first half of the year, a number of major technical equipment achieved new breakthroughs.
Behind a series of achievements lies the machinery industry's commitment to technological innovation and green development, its accelerated advancement of new industrialization and industrial transformation and upgrading, and its innovation of high-quality development paths.
In the first half of the year, the driving effect of strategic emerging industries on the development of the machinery industry continued to strengthen. Among them, the growth rates of operating income and total profit of related industries such as new energy equipment, energy conservation and environmental protection equipment, and high-end equipment manufacturing were all significantly higher than the overall level of the machinery industry.
The pace of green transformation in the industry continues to accelerate. In the first half of the year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles reached 6.968 million and 6.937 million units respectively, increasing by 41.4% and 40.3% year-on-year. The market penetration rate reached 44.3%, setting a new historical high for the same period. The rapid development of clean energy equipment is facilitating the construction of a new energy system. The green transformation of traditional industries has achieved remarkable results. In the first half of the year, the production of electric forklifts accounted for 77.1% of the total forklift production, and in June, the sales of electric loaders rose to 25.4% of the total loader sales.
By the end of June, the number of large-scale enterprises in the machinery industry reached 136,000, an increase of 6,000 compared with the same period of the previous year, accounting for 26.2% of the national industry, with the proportion rising by 0.4 percentage points compared with the same period of the previous year. The total assets reached 40.4 trillion yuan, increasing by 6.6% year-on-year, accounting for 22.0% of the national industrial total. The proportion rose by 0.3 percentage points compared with the same period of the previous year, playing a positive role in stabilizing the economic situation and boosting the industrial economy.
It is expected that the economic operation of the machinery industry will continue to maintain a stable and improving overall trend in the second half of the year. The growth rate of the main economic indicators for the whole year will be around 5.5%, and foreign trade will remain basically stable. Luo Junjie said that although the machinery industry still faces many risks and challenges such as insufficient domestic demand and unstable external demand, it should also be noted that macro policies and industrial policies continue to be strengthened and intensified. The supporting conditions for the long-term positive development of the machinery industry and the fundamental trend of stable growth have not changed. The advantages of the machinery industry, such as a stable foundation, strong resilience and great potential, have not changed. The internal driving force for the development of the industry remains strong, and the certainty of the machinery industry achieving high-quality development is constantly increasing.