太空实验新突破    

　　最近，中国空间站的无容器材料实验柜取得了一项惊人成就，成功把钨合金加热到超过3100℃，创造了新的世界纪录。这个实验柜就像一个现实版的“太空炼丹炉”，位于天和核心舱内，已经运行四年了。之所以选择在空间站做钨合金实验，是因为这里的微重力条件能让熔化后的金属钨形成标准球形，便于精确获取物理化学性质。而且钨密度高，在地面制备合金会出现分层不均匀的现象，而在空间站就能避免这个问题 。    

关键技术助力实验    

　　这次实验成功依赖于两项关键技术。一是“悬浮术”，在太空微重力环境下，液态金属摆脱了地球重力束缚，通过静电场精准控制，金属能稳稳悬浮在半空，避免与容器接触产生杂质污染和外界干扰。二是“三昧真火”，也就是双波长激光加热系统，它结合了半导体激光的快速加热和二氧化碳激光的深入加热，以300瓦的大功率输出，能迅速把熔点极高的钨合金加热至液态。    

研究意义与应用前景    

　　在空间站进行钨合金实验意义重大。通过实验，科学家能捕捉到钨合金在超高温下的硬核数据，比如熔化后的流动情况和冷却时的结晶规律，这些数据是地面实验永远无法获取的，正在为我国新型耐热材料的设计铺路。未来，钨合金可能会成为宇宙飞船的防护材料，抵御穿越大气层时的高温；也可能用于火箭发动机，让其在极端高温下稳定运转。    

　　此次实验验证了中国在空间材料科学领域的技术实力，获取的超高温数据将推动钨铼合金、钨基复合材料等下一代材料研发。未来或通过专用实验舱扩展材料种类，进一步探索极端环境下的材料行为。    

Over   3100℃! The "alchemy furnace" of China's space station has set a new   world record    

New   breakthrough in space experiments    

　　Recently,   the containerless materials experiment cabinet of China's space station has   achieved an astonishing accomplishment, successfully heating tungsten alloy   to over 3100℃, setting a new world record. This experimental cabinet is like   a real-life "space alchemy furnace", located inside the Tianhe core   module and has been in operation for four years. The reason for choosing to   conduct tungsten alloy experiments on the space station is that the   microgravity conditions here can make the molten tungsten form a standard   spherical shape, which is convenient for precisely obtaining physical and   chemical properties. Moreover, tungsten has a high density. When alloys are   prepared on the ground, uneven layering will occur, but this problem can be   avoided on the space station.    

Key   technologies facilitate experiments    

　　The   success of this experiment relies on two key technologies. The first one is   the "suspension technique". In the microgravity environment of   space, liquid metal breaks free from the constraints of Earth's gravity.   Through precise control of the electrostatic field, the metal can be steadily   suspended in mid-air, avoiding contact with containers to prevent impurity   contamination and external interference. The second one is "Samadhi True   Fire", which is a dual-wavelength laser heating system. It combines the   rapid heating of semiconductor lasers and the in-depth heating of carbon   dioxide lasers. With a high power output of 300 watts, it can quickly heat   tungsten alloys with extremely high melting points to a liquid state.    

Research   significance and application prospects    

　　Conducting   tungsten alloy experiments on the space station is of great significance.   Through experiments, scientists can capture the hardcore data of tungsten   alloys at ultra-high temperatures, such as the flow after melting and the   crystallization rules during cooling. These data can never be obtained from   ground experiments and are paving the way for the design of new   heat-resistant materials in our country. In the future, tungsten alloys may   become protective materials for spaceships, resisting the high temperatures   when passing through the atmosphere. It may also be used in rocket engines to   ensure their stable operation under extreme high temperatures.    

　　This   experiment verified China's technological strength in the field of space   materials science. The ultra-high temperature data obtained will promote the   research and development of next-generation materials such as   tungsten-rhenium alloys and tungsten-based composites. In the future, the   types of materials may be expanded through dedicated experimental cabins to   further explore the behavior of materials in extreme environments.    

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