霸刀分享-铣削刀具的分类

（1）面铣刀：面铣刀圆周表面和端面上都有切削刃，端部切削刃为副切削刃。因面铣刀尺寸一般较大，很少做成整体式，多制成套式镶齿结构，刀齿材料为高速钢或硬质合金，刀体为40Cr。

硬质合金面铣刀与高速钢面铣刀相比，铣削速度较高、加工效率高、加工表面质量好，并可加工带有硬皮和淬硬层的工件，所以得到广泛的应用，多用来加工零件上较大的平面结构。

（2）立铣刀 立铣刀是数控加工中用的最多的一种铣刀，分整体式和机夹可转位刀片式，结构如图2-20所示。立铣刀圆柱表面的切削刃为主切削刃，端面上的切削刃为副切削刃，主切削刃一般为螺旋齿，可增加切削过程中的平稳性，提高加工精度。由于普通立铣刀端面中心处无切削刃，所以立铣刀不能作轴向进给。

通常，小规格（4—16mm）立铣刀制成整体式，而φ16mm以上的立铣刀制成焊接式或机夹可转位式。

（3）模具铣刀 模具铣刀是由立铣刀演变而来的，分为圆锥形立铣刀、圆柱形球头立铣刀和圆锥形球头立铣刀等几种。刀柄有直柄、削平型直柄和莫式锥柄三种。如图2-22所示，该种刀具大多用来加工各种模具型腔及曲面，一般圆周及球面部分都有切削刃，可作径向和轴向进给。

除整体式模具铣刀外，一些刀具厂商也推出了机夹可转位模具铣刀。

（4）键槽铣刀 键槽铣刀结构上类似于立铣刀，通常有两个刀齿，圆柱面和端面都有切削刃，端面切削刃延伸至中心，加工过程中既像立铣刀，又像钻头。加工时先轴向进给至槽深，然后沿长度方向铣出键槽全长。

国家标准规定，直柄键槽铣刀的直径d=2～22mm，锥柄键槽铣刀的直径d=14～50mm。

Ba Dao Sharing - Classification of Milling Tools

(1) Face milling cutter: A face milling cutter has cutting edges on both the circumferential surface and the end face, with the cutting edge at the end being the secondary cutting edge. Due to the generally large size of face milling cutters, they are rarely made in an integral type. Instead, they are mostly made in a set type with insert teeth structure. The material of the cutting teeth is high-speed steel or hard alloy, and the cutting body is 40Cr.

Compared with high-speed steel face milling cutters, carbide face milling cutters have higher milling speed, higher processing efficiency, better surface quality of the processed parts, and can process workpieces with hard skins and hardened layers. Therefore, they are widely used and are mostly used to process larger planar structures on parts.

(2) End mills End mills are the most widely used type of milling cutter in CNC machining. They are divided into integral type and indexable insert type. The structure is shown in Figure 2-20. The cutting edge on the cylindrical surface of the end mill is the main cutting edge, and the cutting edge on the end face is the secondary cutting edge. The main cutting edge is generally a helical tooth, which can increase the smoothness during the cutting process and improve the machining accuracy. Since there is no cutting edge at the center of the end face of a common end mill, the end mill cannot perform axial feed.

Generally, small-sized (4-16mm) end mills are made as integral types, while those with a diameter of φ16mm or more are made as welded or machine-clamped indexable types.

(3) Mold milling cutters Mold milling cutters have evolved from end mills and are classified into several types, such as conical end mills, cylindrical ball-end mills, and conical ball-end mills. There are three types of knife handles: straight handle, flattened straight handle and Moire conical handle. As shown in Figure 2-22, this type of cutting tool is mostly used for processing various mold cavities and curved surfaces. Generally, both the circumferential and spherical parts have cutting edges, allowing for radial and axial feed.

In addition to integral mold milling cutters, some tool manufacturers have also launched machine-clamped indexable mold milling cutters.

(4) Keyway milling cutter: The keyway milling cutter is structurally similar to an end mill. It usually has two cutting teeth, with cutting edges on both the cylindrical surface and the end face. The cutting edge on the end face extends to the center. During the processing, it resembles both an end mill and a drill bit. When processing, first feed axially to the groove depth, and then mill out the full length of the keyway along the length direction.

According to national standards, the diameter d of straight shank keyway milling cutters is 2 to 22mm, and that of conical shank keyway milling cutters is 14 to 50mm.

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