选丝锥材质，得先了解常见的丝锥材质有哪些，再结合不同的使用场景来选，以下是具体的常见丝锥材质：

　　工具钢：多用于手用切牙丝锥，不过现在已经不常见了。它的成本相对较低，但硬度和耐磨性一般。比如以前一些小型维修店可能会用工具钢材质的手用丝锥进行简单的螺纹加工。

　　不含钴高速钢：目前大范围用作丝锥材料，像M2（W6Mo5Cr4V2，6542）、M3等，标记代号为HSS。它的硬度和耐热性较好，能忍受一定的切削速度，适用于多种普通材料的加工，在一般的机械加工中很常用。

　　含钴高速钢：如M35，M42等，标记代号为HSS - E。在不含钴高速钢的基础上加入了钴元素，提高了丝锥的高温硬度和耐磨性，更适合加工硬度较高、难切削的材料，比如不锈钢等。

　　粉末冶金高速钢：用作高性能丝锥材料，性能较上两者大幅提升，各家厂家的命名方式也各有不同，标记代号为HSS - E - PM。这种材料的组织均匀，具有更高的强度、硬度和韧性，能适应高速、重载的切削条件，不过价格相对较高，通常用于对加工精度和效率要求极高的场合。

　　硬质合金材料：通常选用超细颗粒，韧性好的牌号，主要用于制造直槽丝锥加工短屑材料，如灰铸铁，高硅铝等。它的硬度和耐磨性非常出色，能承受高的切削速度和压力，但脆性较大，使用时要避免冲击和振动。

根据加工材料选丝锥

　　软钢、铝等较软材料：可以选择工具钢或不含钴高速钢材质的丝锥。这些材料的丝锥价格相对较低，对于软材料的加工也能满足要求，不会造成太大的浪费。

　　不锈钢、合金钢等较硬材料：含钴高速钢或粉末冶金高速钢材质的丝锥会更合适。它们的硬度和耐磨性能够应对较硬材料的加工，减少丝锥的磨损，提高加工质量和效率。

　　灰铸铁、高硅铝等短屑材料：硬质合金材质的直槽丝锥是首选。硬质合金的高硬度和耐磨性可以保证在加工短屑材料时的稳定性和精度。

根据使用场景选丝锥

　　普通加工场景：不含钴高速钢丝锥就能胜任，既能保证一定的加工质量，又能控制成本。

　　高速、高精度加工场景：粉末冶金高速钢或硬质合金丝锥是更好的选择，虽然价格较高，但能显著提高加工效率和精度，长期来看更划算。

　　总之，选丝锥材质要综合考虑加工材料、使用场景和成本等因素，这样才能选到最合适的丝锥。

Guide to Selecting Tap Materials

　　When choosing the material of a tap, it is necessary to first understand what common tap materials there are, and then select based on different usage scenarios. The following are the specific common tap materials:

　　Tool steel: It is mostly used for hand cutting taps, but it is not common nowadays. Its cost is relatively low, but its hardness and wear resistance are average. For instance, in the past, some small repair shops might have used tool steel hands to perform simple thread processing with taps.

　　Cobalt-free high-speed steel: Currently widely used as tap material, such as M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2, 6542), M3, etc., with the marking code HSS. It has good hardness and heat resistance, can withstand a certain cutting speed, and is suitable for processing various common materials. It is very commonly used in general mechanical processing.

　　Cobalt-containing high-speed steel: such as M35, M42, etc., with the marking code SS-E. By adding cobalt to cobalt-free high-speed steel, the high-temperature hardness and wear resistance of the tap have been enhanced, making it more suitable for processing materials with high hardness and difficult machinability, such as stainless steel.

　　Powder metallurgy high-speed steel: Used as high-performance tap material, its performance is significantly improved compared to the above two. The naming methods of various manufacturers are also different, and the marking code is SS-E-PM. This material has a uniform structure, higher strength, hardness and toughness, and can adapt to high-speed and heavy-load cutting conditions. However, its price is relatively high and it is usually used in situations where extremely high processing accuracy and efficiency are required.

　　Hard alloy materials: Usually, grades with ultrafine particles and good toughness are selected. They are mainly used for manufacturing straight groove taps to process short-chip materials, such as gray 　　

Select the tap according to the processing material

　　Soft materials such as soft steel and aluminum: Tool steel or cobalt-free high-speed steel taps can be selected. The taps made of these materials are relatively inexpensive and can meet the processing requirements of soft materials without causing too much waste.

　　For harder materials such as stainless steel and alloy steel: Taps made of cobalt-containing high-speed steel or powder metallurgy high-speed steel would be more suitable. Their hardness and wear resistance can handle the processing of harder materials, reduce the wear of taps, and improve the processing quality and efficiency.

　　Short-chip materials such as gray cast iron and high-silicon aluminum: Straight groove taps made of hard alloy are the preferred choice. The high hardness and wear resistance of cemented carbide can ensure stability and accuracy when processing short-chip materials.

Select the tap according to the usage scenario

　　For ordinary processing scenarios, cobalt-free high-speed steel taps can handle the job, ensuring a certain processing quality while also controlling costs.

　　High-speed and high-precision processing scenarios: Powder metallurgy high-speed steel or hard alloy taps are better choices. Although they are more expensive, they can significantly improve processing efficiency and accuracy, and are more cost-effective in the long run.

　　In conclusion, when choosing the material of a tap, factors such as the processing material, application scenario and cost should be comprehensively considered. Only in this way can the most suitable tap be selected.

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