霸刀分享-龙门铣床的发展史
1818年，美国人惠特尼创制了卧式铣床，这是铣床历史的开端。后来为了铣削麻花钻头的螺旋槽，1862年美国人J.R.布朗创制了第一台万能铣床，这可以看作是升降台铣床的雏形。到了1884年前后，龙门铣床出现了，它具有门式框架和卧式长床身，为后续的发展奠定了基础。
20世纪20年代，半自动铣床诞生，工作台利用挡块可完成“进给 - 快速”或“快速 - 进给”的自动转换，这大大提高了加工效率。1950年以后，铣床在控制系统方面发展迅速，数字控制的应用让铣床的自动化程度大幅提升。70年代以后，微处理机的数字控制系统和自动换刀系统在铣床上得到应用，进一步扩大了铣床的加工范围，提高了加工精度与效率。
数控龙门铣床是龙门铣床发展的重要阶段。20世纪60 - 70年代，数控龙门铣床初步发展，国外机床制造技术不断革新，多轴联动技术开始萌芽；而中国处于引进技术、建立体系的阶段，与国际先进水平存在明显差距。70 - 90年代，国外数控龙门铣床发展迅猛，电子技术、计算机技术的发展让多轴联动技术取得重大突破，推动了制造业的发展。在中国，改革开放后机床行业得到快速发展，如北京北一机床通过引进技术、合作以及并购等方式，实现了从标准龙门铣床向超大、多功能、复合及多轴机床的跨越。
如今，龙门加工中心在技术上不断取得突破。采用碳纤维增强横梁，减轻重量的同时提升刚性；直线电机驱动使加速度提高；纳米级光栅尺实现更高分辨率；智能主轴配备振动主动抑制系统。同时，国内企业在精度提升方面也奋起直追，国产数控龙门铣床的加工精度已达到微米级，部分产品甚至达到亚微米级，在航空航天、精密模具等领域逐渐崭露头角。
龙门铣床的发展是一部技术不断革新、精度不断提高、功能不断拓展的历史，未来它还将随着科技的发展持续进步，为制造业提供更强大的支持。
The development history of gantry milling machines
In 1818, the American Whitney invented the horizontal milling machine, marking the beginning of the history of milling machines. Later, in 1862, in order to mill the helical grooves of twist drills, the American J.R. Brown created the first universal milling machine, which can be regarded as the prototype of the lifting table milling machine. Around 1884, the gantry milling machine emerged, featuring a portal frame and a horizontal long bed, laying the foundation for subsequent development.
In the 1920s, semi-automatic milling machines were born. The worktable could automatically switch between "feed - fast" or "fast - feed" by using stop blocks, which greatly improved the processing efficiency. After 1950, milling machines developed rapidly in terms of control systems. The application of digital control significantly enhanced the degree of automation of milling machines. After the 1970s, digital control systems of microprocessors and automatic tool changing systems were applied to milling machines, further expanding the processing range of milling machines and improving processing accuracy and efficiency.
The CNC gantry milling machine is an important stage in the development of gantry milling machines. In the 1960s and 1970s, CNC gantry milling machines began to develop initially. Foreign machine tool manufacturing technologies were constantly innovated, and multi-axis linkage technology started to sprout. However, China is at the stage of introducing technology and establishing systems, and there is a significant gap compared with the international advanced level. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the development of CNC gantry milling machines abroad was rapid. The advancement of electronic and computer technologies led to significant breakthroughs in multi-axis linkage technology, which promoted the development of the manufacturing industry. In China, after the reform and opening up, the machine tool industry has developed rapidly. For instance, Beijing Beiyi Machine Tool has made a leap from standard gantry milling machines to super-large, multi-functional, compound and multi-axis machine tools through technology introduction, cooperation and mergers and acquisitions.
Nowadays, gantry machining centers are constantly making breakthroughs in technology. Carbon fiber reinforced crossbeams are adopted to reduce weight while enhancing rigidity. Linear motor drive increases the acceleration. Nanoscale grating rulers achieve higher resolution; The intelligent spindle is equipped with an active vibration suppression system. Meanwhile, domestic enterprises are also catching up in terms of precision improvement. The processing accuracy of domestic CNC gantry milling machines has reached the micrometer level, and some products have even reached the sub-micrometer level, gradually emerging in fields such as aerospace and precision molds.
The development of gantry milling machines is a history of continuous technological innovation, precision improvement and function expansion. In the future, it will continue to progress along with the development of science and technology, providing stronger support for the manufacturing industry.
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