硬质合金主要分为以下几类：    

钨钴类硬质合金：主要成分是碳化钨（WC）和粘结剂钴（Co）。其牌号是由YG（硬、钴两字汉语拼音字首）和平均含钴量的百分数组成。例如，YG8，表示平均含钴量为8%，其余为碳化钨的钨钴类硬质合金。    

钨钛钴类硬质合金：主要成分是碳化钨、碳化钛（TiC）及钴。其牌号由YT（硬、钛两字汉语拼音字首）和碳化钛平均含量组成。例如，YT15，表示平均碳化钛含量为15%，其余为碳化钨和钴含量的钨钛钴类硬质合金。    

钨钛钽（铌）类硬质合金：主要成分是碳化钨、碳化钛、碳化钽（或碳化铌）及钴。这类硬质合金又称通用硬质合金或万能硬质合金。其牌号由YW（硬、万两字汉语拼音字首）加顺序号组成，如YW1。    

特性    

硬度高：硬度通常在86   - 93HRA，相当于69 - 81HRC，相比之下，普通钢的硬度通常在HRA20 - 30之间。高硬度使其能够抵抗磨损和划伤，从而延长工具的使用寿命。    

热硬性好：可达900   - 1000℃，并能保持60HRC，在高温下能够保持其硬度和强度，不易软化或变形，这使得硬质合金成为高温工具和零件的理想选择，如热处理工具和高温切削工具。    

耐磨性好：在摩擦和磨损环境中，能够抵抗磨损和磨粒的侵蚀，保持其形状和尺寸的稳定性，常被用于制造切削工具、矿山工具和石油钻探工具等。    

耐腐蚀性出色：硬质合金的钨碳化物颗粒具有优异的化学稳定性，能够抵抗酸、碱和其他腐蚀性介质的侵蚀，因此常被用于制造耐腐蚀刀具和零件，如化工设备和海洋工程。    

抗断裂性优异：由于其特殊的微观结构和高硬度的组合，硬质合金的钨碳化物颗粒能够有效地阻止裂纹的扩展，从而提高材料的断裂韧性，使其在高负荷和冲击负载下具有出色的性能，适用于制造切削工具和冲击工具等领域。    

不过呢，硬质合金也有缺点，它脆性大，不能进行切削加工，难以制成形状复杂的整体刀具，因而常制成不同形状的刀片，采用焊接、粘接、机械夹持等方法安装在刀体或模具体上使用。在机械加工、矿山、石油钻探等很多领域，硬质合金都凭借它的这些特性发挥着重要作用。    

An   overview of the main classifications and characteristics of cemented carbide    

Hard   alloys are mainly classified into the following types:    

Tungsten-cobalt   cemented carbide: Its main components are tungsten carbide (WC) and binder   cobalt (Co). Its grade is composed of YG (the first letters of the Chinese   pinyin for "hard" and "cobalt") and the average   percentage of cobalt content. For instance, YG8 indicates a tungsten-cobalt   cemented carbide with an average cobalt content of 8% and the rest being   tungsten carbide.    

Tungsten-titanium-cobalt   cemented carbides: The main components are tungsten carbide, titanium carbide   (TiC) and cobalt. Its grade is composed of YT (the initial letters of the   pinyin for "hard" and "titanium") and the average content   of titanium carbide. For instance, YT15 indicates a tungsten-titanium-cobalt   cemented carbide with an average titanium carbide content of 15%, and the   rest being tungsten carbide and cobalt.    

Tungsten-titanium-tantalum   (niobium) type cemented carbides: The main components are tungsten carbide,   titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (or niobium carbide) and cobalt. This type   of cemented carbide is also known as general-purpose cemented carbide or universal   cemented carbide. Its grade is composed of YW (the first letters of the   Chinese pinyin for "hard" and "wan") followed by a   sequence number, such as YW1.    

Characteristics    

High   hardness: The hardness is usually between 86 and 93HRA, equivalent to 69 to   81HRC. In contrast, the hardness of ordinary steel is typically between 20   and 30 HRA. Its high hardness enables it to resist wear and scratches,   thereby extending the service life of the tool.    

Good   thermal hardness: It can reach 900-1000 ℃ and maintain 60HRC. At high   temperatures, it can retain its hardness and strength without softening or   deforming easily. This makes hard alloy an ideal choice for high-temperature   tools and parts, such as heat treatment tools and high-temperature cutting   tools.    

Good   wear resistance: In friction and wear environments, it can resist the erosion   of wear and abrasive particles, maintaining the stability of its shape and   size. It is often used to manufacture cutting tools, mining tools, and oil   drilling tools, etc.    

Excellent   corrosion resistance: The tungsten carbide particles in cemented carbide have   outstanding chemical stability and can resist the erosion of acids, alkalis   and other corrosive media. Therefore, they are often used to manufacture   corrosion-resistant cutting tools and parts, such as in chemical equipment   and Marine engineering.    

Excellent   fracture resistance: Due to its unique microstructure and high hardness   combination, the tungsten carbide particles in cemented carbide can   effectively prevent crack propagation, thereby enhancing the material's   fracture toughness and endowing it with outstanding performance under high   and impact loads. It is suitable for manufacturing cutting tools, impact   tools and other fields.    

However,   cemented carbide also has its drawbacks. It is brittle and cannot be   machined, making it difficult to form complex-shaped integral cutting tools.   Therefore, it is often made into blades of different shapes and installed on   the tool body or die body by welding, bonding, mechanical clamping and other   methods for use. In many fields such as mechanical processing, mining, and   oil drilling, cemented carbide plays a significant role due to these   properties.    

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