走心机，全称为走心式数控车床，亦称为主轴箱移动型数控自动车床。该设备主要用于棒料类小型零件的大批量精密加工。其工作过程中，刀具位置保持固定，通过主轴带动工件沿轴向移动实现切削加工。与传统走刀机（刀具运动、工件固定）不同，走心机的加工方式为工件主动进给，材料在运动中完成加工。    

　　通常情况下，送料装置将棒料经主轴通孔送入加工区域，由弹簧夹头自动夹紧工件。当加工零件悬伸较长时，需配置相应的支撑辅助装置；若需对零件尾部进行二次加工，则应配备第二主轴以实现同步作业。如涉及四等分或六等分钻孔等复杂工序，还需加装动力刀座，并实现主轴的精确分度控制。    

　　加工效率高：可实现一次装夹连续加工长度超过200mm的零件。以加工一个5mm长的零件为例，虽然走刀机和走心机均可完成，但走心机可在不停机状态下连续加工20至30个零件后才需重新送料，显著提升生产效率。    

　　刚性优异：切削过程中，刀具始终在靠近夹持点的位置进行加工，类似于普通车床在夹紧部位附近几毫米范围内切削，有效减少了振动与变形，保证了加工稳定性与精度。    

　　复合加工能力强：走心机普遍具备车铣复合功能，主轴可沿Z轴方向移动，刀具支持X、Y方向进给，能够实现多面立体加工及一次成型。同时可根据不同产品需求配置多种功能附件，如副主轴等，扩展加工范围。    

　　走心机采用双轴刀具排布结构，大幅缩短了加工循环时间。通过减少排刀装置与对向刀台之间的换刀时间，结合多重刀台重叠运行、螺纹切削过程中的轴向移动重叠以及二次加工时的直接主轴分度等功能，有效压缩空行程时间，进一步提升整体加工节拍。    

　　走心机凭借上述工作原理，在精密五金零部件、轴类异形非标件的批量生产中发挥着重要作用，已成为机械加工领域中高效、高精度的代表性设备之一。    

The   working principle of the centerless machine    

　　The   through-spindle machine, fully known as the through-spindle CNC lathe, is   also called the main axle box moving type CNC automatic lathe. This equipment   is mainly used for the large-scale precision processing of small parts in the   form of bar stock. During its operation, the position of the cutting tool   remains fixed, and the workpiece is moved along the axial direction by the   spindle to achieve cutting processing. Unlike traditional feed machines   (where the tool moves and the workpiece is fixed), the processing method of a   feed machine is that the workpiece is actively fed, and the material is   processed while moving.    

　　Under   normal circumstances, the feeding device feeds the bar stock into the   processing area through the spindle through hole, and the workpiece is   automatically clamped by the spring chuck. When the overhang of the processed   parts is relatively long, corresponding support auxiliary devices need to be   configured. If secondary processing of the tail of the part is required, a   second spindle should be equipped to achieve synchronous operation. If   complex processes such as four-part or six-part drilling are involved, a   power tool holder also needs to be installed to achieve precise indexing   control of the spindle.    

　　High   processing efficiency: It can achieve continuous processing of parts with a   length exceeding 200mm in a single clamping. Take the processing of a 5mm   long part as an example. Although both the feed machine and the feed machine   can complete the task, the feed machine can continuously process 20 to 30   parts without stopping the machine before requiring re-feeding, significantly   improving production efficiency.    

　　Excellent   rigidity: During the cutting process, the tool always performs processing   close to the clamping point, similar to the cutting within a few millimeters   of the clamping area on a conventional lathe. This effectively reduces   vibration and deformation, ensuring processing stability and accuracy.    

　　Strong   compound processing capability: The through-spindle machine generally has the   compound function of turning and milling. The spindle can move along the   Z-axis direction, and the tool supports feed in the X and Y directions, which   can achieve multi-faceted three-dimensional processing and one-time forming.   At the same time, various functional accessories, such as secondary spindles,   can be configured according to different product requirements to expand the   processing range.    

　　The   through-spindle machine adopts a double-axis tool arrangement structure,   significantly reducing the processing cycle time. By reducing the tool change   time between the tool setting device and the opposite tool rest, and   combining functions such as the overlapping operation of multiple tool rests,   the axial movement overlapping during thread cutting, and the direct spindle   indexing during secondary processing, the idle travel time is effectively   compressed, further enhancing the overall processing cycle.    

　　Based   on the above working principle, the through-spindle machine plays a   significant role in the mass production of precision hardware parts and   non-standard shafts with irregular shapes, and has become one of the   representative high-efficiency and high-precision equipment in the field of   mechanical processing.    

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