刀具硬度通过影响耐磨性、切削稳定性及刃口保持性，直接决定加工精度；但硬度过高可能导致脆性增加，需结合加工材料与工况平衡选择。    

刀具硬度适中时    

　　当刀具硬度处于合适范围，它能保持较好的形状稳定性和切削刃的锋利度。比如硬质合金刀具，硬度一般在80   - 90HRA左右（也就是64 -   83HRC左右），在加工过程中，它能承受一定的切削力而不发生较大变形，这样就能保证切削尺寸的准确性和表面质量，有助于获得更高的加工精度。就像用一把锋利且耐用的雕刻刀去雕刻一件精细的工艺品，能精准地刻画出想要的形状和细节。    

刀具硬度过高时    

　　虽然刀具硬度高，所能承受的载荷大，对应的切削力也大，切削效率会提高。但硬度过高会导致刀具脆性增加，失去一定的韧性。比如陶瓷刀具，硬度一般在90   - 94HRA左右（也就是68 -   91HRC左右），在加工过程中容易出现边缘磨损、崩刃、脱落等问题。一旦刀具出现这些状况，就会损坏加工件的表面，导致加工尺寸出现偏差，严重影响加工精度。这就好比用太硬太脆的工具去切割东西，很容易把东西割坏或者切出不规整的形状。    

刀具硬度过低时    

　　如果刀具硬度不够，在切削过程中刀具就容易发生磨损和变形。像高速钢刀具，硬度一般在60   - 65HRC左右，在长时间或高强度的加工中，刀具磨损较快，切削刃的形状会发生变化，使得切削尺寸难以控制，加工精度自然就会下降。    

The   influence of tool hardness on machining accuracy    

　　Tool   hardness directly determines machining accuracy by influencing wear   resistance, cutting stability and edge retention. However, excessively high   hardness may lead to increased brittleness, and the selection should be made   in a balanced manner based on the processing material and working conditions.    

When   the hardness of the cutting tool is moderate    

　　When   the hardness of the cutting tool is within an appropriate range, it can   maintain good shape stability and the sharpness of the cutting edge. For   instance, the hardness of hard alloy cutting tools is generally around   80-90HRA (that is, around 64-83HRC). During the processing, they can   withstand certain cutting forces without significant deformation, which can   ensure the accuracy of cutting dimensions and surface quality, and is   conducive to achieving higher processing precision. Just like using a sharp   and durable engraving knife to carve a fine handicraft, it can precisely   depict the desired shape and details.    

When   the hardness of the cutting tool is too high    

　　Although   the hardness of the cutting tool is high, the load it can withstand is large,   and the corresponding cutting force is also large, the cutting efficiency   will be improved. However, excessively high hardness will lead to an increase   in the brittleness of the cutting tool and a loss of certain toughness. For   instance, ceramic cutting tools typically have a hardness of around 90-94HRA   (that is, approximately 68-91HRC), and during the processing, they are prone   to problems such as edge wear, chipping, and detachment. Once the cutting   tool shows these conditions, it will damage the surface of the workpiece,   causing deviations in the processing dimensions and seriously affecting the   processing accuracy. This is just like using a tool that is too hard and too   brittle to cut something. It's very easy to damage the object or cut it into   an irregular shape.    

When   the hardness of the tool is too low    

　　If   the hardness of the cutting tool is insufficient, it is prone to wear and   deformation during the cutting process. For high-speed steel cutting tools,   their hardness is generally around 60-65 HRC. During long-term or   high-intensity processing, the tools wear out quickly, and the shape of the   cutting edge changes, making it difficult to control the cutting size and   naturally reducing the processing accuracy.    

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